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    Angela Rayner accuses Reform of ‘politics of hatred’ as she insists Labour can win bitter Holyrood by-election

    Angela Rayner accuses Reform of ‘politics of hatred’ as she insists Labour can win bitter Holyrood by-election

    SNP complain about Reform’s ‘race-baiting’ advert on Scottish Labour leader Anas Sarwar

    SNP complain about Reform’s ‘race-baiting’ advert on Scottish Labour leader Anas Sarwar

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    Two Israeli embassy staff shot dead in Washington DC, sparking massive anti-terror response

    Reform chief rules out IndyRef and claims party will be second biggest in Scotland

    Reform chief rules out IndyRef and claims party will be second biggest in Scotland

    Scotland being held back by chronic shortage of housing with calls for 25,000 new builds a year

    Scotland being held back by chronic shortage of housing with calls for 25,000 new builds a year

    Keeping Royal Family in Scotland ‘can no longer be justified’, claims Patrick Harvie

    Keeping Royal Family in Scotland ‘can no longer be justified’, claims Patrick Harvie

    Reform UK defeat Labour in crunch by-election by six votes after recount

    Reform UK defeat Labour in crunch by-election by six votes after recount

    Labour Government accused of ‘closing down’ Aberdeen over oil and gas jobs and ‘betrayal’ on GB Energy

    Labour Government accused of ‘closing down’ Aberdeen over oil and gas jobs and ‘betrayal’ on GB Energy

    Donald Trump dream of bringing Open Championship back to Turnberry is about more than golf

    Donald Trump dream of bringing Open Championship back to Turnberry is about more than golf

    Nigel Farage says Reform would prefer SNP to win next Holyrood election instead of Labour

    Nigel Farage says Reform would prefer SNP to win next Holyrood election instead of Labour

    SNP and Labour race for Hamilton ‘too close to call’ as parties set for crunch by-election

    SNP and Labour race for Hamilton ‘too close to call’ as parties set for crunch by-election

    Rapist Isla Bryson ‘is a woman’ says Green by-election candidate in Clydebank

    Rapist Isla Bryson ‘is a woman’ says Green by-election candidate in Clydebank

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      What is a virtual office and why you need one in Central London – Your Company Formations Ltd

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      Inflation rises again to new 40-year high

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      Bank of England hikes interest rates to 1.25%

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      Hiring activity in Scotland slows amid steep decline in staff availability

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      Scottish retail footfall growth ‘worst in UK compared to pre-pandemic’

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      Rangers placed on Vaclav Cerny red alert over Wolfsburg ‘fire sale’ as Cyriel Dessers makes transfer stance clear

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      Mathias Kvistgaarden waves Brondby farewell but Celtic hit with transfer blow as boss throws spanner in works

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      World A-listers go nuts for Ange as Roy Keane drops the mic, McCoist breaks down barriers and Salah keeps receipts

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      How a ferry and a forklift helped Celtic boss Brendan Rodgers reach the top as SFWA Manager of the Year relives his journey

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      How Celtic fans can still land Aberdeen Scottish Cup Final tickets as second chance emerges

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      Ante Palaversa tells Aberdeen pals how they can turn Rangers atmosphere early as Jimmy Thelin message revealed

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      Kieran Tierney hit by brutal takedown as Arsenal star ‘finds his level’ at Celtic

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      Scott McTominay picks out incredible favourite Napoli nickname as swooning team-mate stunned by the golden guy

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      Alan Brazil risks wrath of Celtic fans as he fears Tottenham or Leeds United await Brendan Rodgers

      Daizen Maeda and a forgotten transfer as Celtic top boy sold to best teams on planet like a superstar signing

      Daizen Maeda and a forgotten transfer as Celtic top boy sold to best teams on planet like a superstar signing

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      Neil Critchley admits new Hearts signing is injured as he reveals plan to get him up and running for Tynecastle arrival

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      Celtic squad revealed as Brendan Rodgers looks for edge factor sorely missing to force Rangers’ hand

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        ‘I lost 6stone with weight loss jabs but there’s one side-effect no one tells you about’

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        One surprising food ‘you should eat 3 times a week’ to lower heart disease risk

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        Women thought she had a sore neck – then was diagnosed with cancer

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        Test your brain health with 30-point cognitive exercise taken by Donald Trump

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        Film fans have just days to watch ‘most perfect film ever made’ before it’s axed from BBC

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        Scots react to American called Scotland and whether name is ‘cool or just dumb’

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        School leaders want to see more fines for parents to tackle major problem

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        Children were violently attacked in a school and college – this is the response

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        Second private school in Wales faces closure as pupil numbers fall

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        Strike action at Cardiff University called off

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        Angela Rayner accuses Reform of ‘politics of hatred’ as she insists Labour can win bitter Holyrood by-election

        Angela Rayner accuses Reform of ‘politics of hatred’ as she insists Labour can win bitter Holyrood by-election

        SNP complain about Reform’s ‘race-baiting’ advert on Scottish Labour leader Anas Sarwar

        SNP complain about Reform’s ‘race-baiting’ advert on Scottish Labour leader Anas Sarwar

        Two Israeli embassy staff shot dead in Washington DC, sparking massive anti-terror response

        Two Israeli embassy staff shot dead in Washington DC, sparking massive anti-terror response

        Reform chief rules out IndyRef and claims party will be second biggest in Scotland

        Reform chief rules out IndyRef and claims party will be second biggest in Scotland

        Scotland being held back by chronic shortage of housing with calls for 25,000 new builds a year

        Scotland being held back by chronic shortage of housing with calls for 25,000 new builds a year

        Keeping Royal Family in Scotland ‘can no longer be justified’, claims Patrick Harvie

        Keeping Royal Family in Scotland ‘can no longer be justified’, claims Patrick Harvie

        Reform UK defeat Labour in crunch by-election by six votes after recount

        Reform UK defeat Labour in crunch by-election by six votes after recount

        Labour Government accused of ‘closing down’ Aberdeen over oil and gas jobs and ‘betrayal’ on GB Energy

        Labour Government accused of ‘closing down’ Aberdeen over oil and gas jobs and ‘betrayal’ on GB Energy

        Donald Trump dream of bringing Open Championship back to Turnberry is about more than golf

        Donald Trump dream of bringing Open Championship back to Turnberry is about more than golf

        Nigel Farage says Reform would prefer SNP to win next Holyrood election instead of Labour

        Nigel Farage says Reform would prefer SNP to win next Holyrood election instead of Labour

        SNP and Labour race for Hamilton ‘too close to call’ as parties set for crunch by-election

        SNP and Labour race for Hamilton ‘too close to call’ as parties set for crunch by-election

        Rapist Isla Bryson ‘is a woman’ says Green by-election candidate in Clydebank

        Rapist Isla Bryson ‘is a woman’ says Green by-election candidate in Clydebank

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          What is a virtual office and why you need one in Central London – Your Company Formations Ltd

          What is a virtual office and why you need one in Central London – Your Company Formations Ltd

          Inflation rises again to new 40-year high

          Inflation rises again to new 40-year high

          Bank of England hikes interest rates to 1.25%

          Bank of England hikes interest rates to 1.25%

          Hiring activity in Scotland slows amid steep decline in staff availability

          Hiring activity in Scotland slows amid steep decline in staff availability

          Scottish retail footfall growth ‘worst in UK compared to pre-pandemic’

          Scottish retail footfall growth ‘worst in UK compared to pre-pandemic’

        • Sports
          Rangers placed on Vaclav Cerny red alert over Wolfsburg ‘fire sale’ as Cyriel Dessers makes transfer stance clear

          Rangers placed on Vaclav Cerny red alert over Wolfsburg ‘fire sale’ as Cyriel Dessers makes transfer stance clear

          Mathias Kvistgaarden waves Brondby farewell but Celtic hit with transfer blow as boss throws spanner in works

          Mathias Kvistgaarden waves Brondby farewell but Celtic hit with transfer blow as boss throws spanner in works

          World A-listers go nuts for Ange as Roy Keane drops the mic, McCoist breaks down barriers and Salah keeps receipts

          World A-listers go nuts for Ange as Roy Keane drops the mic, McCoist breaks down barriers and Salah keeps receipts

          How a ferry and a forklift helped Celtic boss Brendan Rodgers reach the top as SFWA Manager of the Year relives his journey

          How a ferry and a forklift helped Celtic boss Brendan Rodgers reach the top as SFWA Manager of the Year relives his journey

          How Celtic fans can still land Aberdeen Scottish Cup Final tickets as second chance emerges

          How Celtic fans can still land Aberdeen Scottish Cup Final tickets as second chance emerges

          Ante Palaversa tells Aberdeen pals how they can turn Rangers atmosphere early as Jimmy Thelin message revealed

          Ante Palaversa tells Aberdeen pals how they can turn Rangers atmosphere early as Jimmy Thelin message revealed

          Kieran Tierney hit by brutal takedown as Arsenal star ‘finds his level’ at Celtic

          Kieran Tierney hit by brutal takedown as Arsenal star ‘finds his level’ at Celtic

          Scott McTominay picks out incredible favourite Napoli nickname as swooning team-mate stunned by the golden guy

          Scott McTominay picks out incredible favourite Napoli nickname as swooning team-mate stunned by the golden guy

          Alan Brazil risks wrath of Celtic fans as he fears Tottenham or Leeds United await Brendan Rodgers

          Alan Brazil risks wrath of Celtic fans as he fears Tottenham or Leeds United await Brendan Rodgers

          Daizen Maeda and a forgotten transfer as Celtic top boy sold to best teams on planet like a superstar signing

          Daizen Maeda and a forgotten transfer as Celtic top boy sold to best teams on planet like a superstar signing

          Neil Critchley admits new Hearts signing is injured as he reveals plan to get him up and running for Tynecastle arrival

          Neil Critchley admits new Hearts signing is injured as he reveals plan to get him up and running for Tynecastle arrival

          Celtic squad revealed as Brendan Rodgers looks for edge factor sorely missing to force Rangers’ hand

          Celtic squad revealed as Brendan Rodgers looks for edge factor sorely missing to force Rangers’ hand

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            Apple AirPods Pro 2 hit lowest price since Black Friday at five different retailers

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            Experts issue warning to households that have certain type of toaster

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            Amazon slashes 52% off ‘brilliant’ Samsung Tablet now only £80 in limited time deal

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            Amazon Tech Week Sale sees £100 off Apple Watch, LG Smart TV down 45% and more

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            Sky flash sale cuts TV and Netflix pack with double broadband speed to record low price

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            ‘I lost 6stone with weight loss jabs but there’s one side-effect no one tells you about’

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            One surprising food ‘you should eat 3 times a week’ to lower heart disease risk

            Women thought she had a sore neck – then was diagnosed with cancer

            Women thought she had a sore neck – then was diagnosed with cancer

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            ‘I lost 3stone and 5 dress sizes with weight loss jabs but there’s a big drawback’

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            Test your brain health with 30-point cognitive exercise taken by Donald Trump

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            Film fans have just days to watch ‘most perfect film ever made’ before it’s axed from BBC

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            Scots react to American called Scotland and whether name is ‘cool or just dumb’

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          Big cats eat more monkeys in a damaged tropical forest – and this could threaten their survival

          by BP Author
          November 17, 2023
          in World
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          Monkeys are not usually a popular menu item for big cats. Primates are, after all, hard to catch: living in the canopies of large trees and rarely coming down to the ground. Jaguar and puma have varied diets and will normally hunt the species that are most common where they live, such as deer, peccary (a type of wild pig) and armadillo.

          But jaguar and puma living in southern Mexican forests with a high human footprint (where wood and other resources are regularly harvested and there are large clearings for farms or expanding settlements) seem to be changing their feeding preferences to include more monkeys, according to new research.

          Other studies have already found that when there is less of their usual prey around, big cats turn to alternatives. The changes in jaguar and puma diets that my colleagues and I recorded may indicate that the populations of these normal prey are shrinking, or that something in the environment has changed to make catching and eating primates easier.

          This change in the diet of large cats could make the disappearance of primate populations in the tropical forests of southern Mexico more likely. This would, in turn, make the disappearance of large cats themselves more likely due to a lack of food, threatening the stability of an entire ecosystem.

          On the trail of big cats

          When forests are cut down or altered by loggers and hunters, primates are particularly affected, as many species depend on tall trees for food, shelter and to chart paths through the forest. Globally, more than 60% of primate species are threatened with extinction.

          These changes to forests have also put large predators at risk. Understanding what is happening in these areas can inform more effective conservation measures, which may prevent species from disappearing.

          The Uxpanapa valley in southeastern Mexico is one of the last relicts of tall evergreen forest in the country, and is classified as one of the most biodiverse areas in both Mexico and the world. It is home to jaguar, puma and many other species, including two endangered primates: howler and spider monkeys.

          A black monkey in a tropical forest canopy.
          Howler monkeys are native to South and Central American forests.
          David Havel/Shutterstock

          I led a research team that studied the distribution of primates in the Uxpanapa Valley for the first time. We recorded the number of primates and where they were found, as well as the type of forest they preferred.

          Another team looked for large cats with the help of a dog which could detect their faeces, otherwise known as scat. Scat was collected to obtain DNA and determine the species that left it, whether it had any parasites, and what its diet was like. The team found out what prey these large cats were eating by using microscopes to study the hairs left in each scat. Special identification guides can link each kind of animal to its hair – each has a particular colour, pattern and shape.

          Large carnivores maintain biodiversity and the functioning of an ecosystem by controlling populations of certain species – for example, herbivores that might otherwise harm trees or prevent forests regrowing. The presence of such predators can indicate an ecosystem’s health. Knowing what top predators are eating can tell us even more about how an ecosystem is functioning.

          What we found

          When we combined the data and information we collected, we began to understand that something out of the ordinary was happening.

          Primates were the most frequent prey found in jaguar and puma scats, making up nearly 35% of the remains. Primate remains were also more likely to be found in scats collected from areas with less forest. Spider monkey remains, for example, were more likely to be found in scats collected in areas with more villages, and in forest that was regrowing after being disturbed.

          A possible explanation is that where there are more villages, it is likely that there is more hunting and tree-cutting taking place. Where there is more hunting, the prey that jaguar and puma usually prefer might not be as plentiful. And regrowing forests do not offer primates the same protection as tall, untouched forests. These two factors may explain why large cats are eating spider monkeys more often here.

          Jaguar and puma will usually eat the prey that is more abundant. If their preferred prey is scarce, they will hunt the species they encounter most. Similar to what we observed with spider monkeys, in areas where there was less tall forest, howler monkey remains were more likely than non-primate prey to be found in the scats, possibly as big cats found it easier to reach primates.

          A pile of logs in a deforested Mexican plain.
          Logging robs monkeys of hiding places from predators.
          Eduardo Cota/Shutterstock

          Less tree cover and overhunting of other prey (combined with general habitat loss) could explain the high rates of primate predation we discovered. Nevertheless, we need to continue monitoring these sites to fully understand these changes in large cat diets.

          Our results highlight the importance of maintaining tall forest cover to ensure primates and other forest-dependent species can survive. They also raise the urgent need for conservation, before the negative effects of human activities on both primate and large cat populations become irreversible, and the ecosystems they live in are lost.



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