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    Alex Salmond calls on SNP and Scottish Greens to create ‘independence convention’

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    As sex pest SNP MP seeks re-selection Humza Yousaf says he'll campaign "with whoever the candidates are"

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    Who is new SNP leader Humza Yousaf?

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    The big gamble on tax cuts for the rich that could railroad the economy off the tracks

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    Boris Johnson takes swipe at Nicola Sturgeon and indyref2 during final speech as Prime Minister

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    Labour will not strike deal with SNP to take Boris Johnson down, says senior MP

    Jacob Rees-Mogg boasts his banker pals are ‘jogging along’ as inflation causes misery for millions

    Jacob Rees-Mogg boasts his banker pals are ‘jogging along’ as inflation causes misery for millions

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    Scottish independence: Who could lead pro-UK group during next referendum campaign?

    Scottish independence debate is futile without legal certainty on a referendum – Paul Hutcheon

    Scottish independence debate is futile without legal certainty on a referendum – Paul Hutcheon

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    Council leaders ‘deeply disappointed’ with Nicola Sturgeon over pay dispute

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      • BristolPress | Story Of The Day
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        Alex Salmond calls on SNP and Scottish Greens to create ‘independence convention’

        Alex Salmond calls on SNP and Scottish Greens to create ‘independence convention’

        As sex pest SNP MP seeks re-selection Humza Yousaf says he'll campaign "with whoever the candidates are"

        As sex pest SNP MP seeks re-selection Humza Yousaf says he'll campaign "with whoever the candidates are"

        Who is new SNP leader Humza Yousaf?

        Who is new SNP leader Humza Yousaf?

        The big gamble on tax cuts for the rich that could railroad the economy off the tracks

        The big gamble on tax cuts for the rich that could railroad the economy off the tracks

        Boris Johnson takes swipe at Nicola Sturgeon and indyref2 during final speech as Prime Minister

        Boris Johnson takes swipe at Nicola Sturgeon and indyref2 during final speech as Prime Minister

        Who does Larry the Downing Street cat belong to?

        Who does Larry the Downing Street cat belong to?

        Labour will not strike deal with SNP to take Boris Johnson down, says senior MP

        Labour will not strike deal with SNP to take Boris Johnson down, says senior MP

        Jacob Rees-Mogg boasts his banker pals are ‘jogging along’ as inflation causes misery for millions

        Jacob Rees-Mogg boasts his banker pals are ‘jogging along’ as inflation causes misery for millions

        Scottish independence: Who could lead pro-UK group during next referendum campaign?

        Scottish independence: Who could lead pro-UK group during next referendum campaign?

        Scottish independence debate is futile without legal certainty on a referendum – Paul Hutcheon

        Scottish independence debate is futile without legal certainty on a referendum – Paul Hutcheon

        Council leaders ‘deeply disappointed’ with Nicola Sturgeon over pay dispute

        Council leaders ‘deeply disappointed’ with Nicola Sturgeon over pay dispute

        Trending Tags

        • Business
          What is a virtual office and why you need one in Central London – Your Company Formations Ltd

          What is a virtual office and why you need one in Central London – Your Company Formations Ltd

          Inflation rises again to new 40-year high

          Inflation rises again to new 40-year high

          Bank of England hikes interest rates to 1.25%

          Bank of England hikes interest rates to 1.25%

          Hiring activity in Scotland slows amid steep decline in staff availability

          Hiring activity in Scotland slows amid steep decline in staff availability

          Scottish retail footfall growth ‘worst in UK compared to pre-pandemic’

          Scottish retail footfall growth ‘worst in UK compared to pre-pandemic’

          Sunak told more help on cost-of-living crisis is ‘absolutely imperative’

          Sunak told more help on cost-of-living crisis is ‘absolutely imperative’

        • Sports
          Rebel Snus Expansion

          Rebel Snus Expansion

          Jim Goodwin makes Connor Ronan Aberdeen transfer confession and offers Bojan Miovski update

          Jim Goodwin makes Connor Ronan Aberdeen transfer confession and offers Bojan Miovski update

          How to choose a spin bike (3)

          How to choose a spin bike?

          Rangers and SPFL feud could trigger ‘nuclear option’ as Scottish Premiership clubs prepare for crisis talks

          Rangers and SPFL feud could trigger ‘nuclear option’ as Scottish Premiership clubs prepare for crisis talks

          Stephen Odey Rangers transfer latest as Randers set out stall on price for Nigeria striker

          Stephen Odey Rangers transfer latest as Randers set out stall on price for Nigeria striker

          Ange Postecoglou tipped for new Celtic transfer gold amid Champions League millions

          Ange Postecoglou tipped for new Celtic transfer gold amid Champions League millions

          Stephen Kelly reveals Rangers future silence as he admits ‘I haven’t heard a thing’

          Stephen Kelly reveals Rangers future silence as he admits ‘I haven’t heard a thing’

          Magene MG70 Electromagnetic Indoor cycling bike (1)

          Magene MG70 Electromagnetic Indoor cycling bike

          Calvin Ramsay to Liverpool transfer edges closer as Aberdeen star prepares for Anfield medical

          Calvin Ramsay to Liverpool transfer edges closer as Aberdeen star prepares for Anfield medical

          Carl Starfelt Celtic injury latest as return timeline sparks doubts over Premiership kick off fitness

          Carl Starfelt Celtic injury latest as return timeline sparks doubts over Premiership kick off fitness

          Ylber Ramadani offered Aberdeen transfer advice from Sergio Porrini as Jim Goodwin nears first summer signing

          Ylber Ramadani offered Aberdeen transfer advice from Sergio Porrini as Jim Goodwin nears first summer signing

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            Revolutionize Your Health: Support Omega 369 – The Ultimate Wellness Breakthrough!

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            ‘Brave’ nine-year-old motocross star set to lose leg in heartbreaking cancer battle

            Armband VS chest strap heart rate monitor, which is better

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            AD FEATURE: Win an indulgent mini-break for two in Aberdeenshire at a luxurious country house hotel

            AD FEATURE: Win an indulgent mini-break for two in Aberdeenshire at a luxurious country house hotel

            WIN four Merlin Gold Annual Passes and treat your family to the time of their lives this summer

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            Schoolboy 'humiliated' on second day of high school after he was told he had no money to pay for lunch

            Primary could move to old high school site temporarily amid plans to create 200 new additional learning need spaces

            Primary could move to old high school site temporarily amid plans to create 200 new additional learning need spaces

            Headteacher who had affair with pupil's mother banned from classroom

            Headteacher who had affair with pupil's mother banned from classroom

            All the school and college staff disciplined and struck off so far in 2023

            All the school and college staff disciplined and struck off so far in 2023

            The beautiful message a head teacher sent staff and pupils to recognise how hard things have been

            The beautiful message a head teacher sent staff and pupils to recognise how hard things have been

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          Autism, ADHD and school absence are risk factors for self-harm: new research

          April 30, 2022
          in World
          Reading Time:6min read
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          Self-harm – physically hurting yourself – is common in young people, affecting about one in five teens by the age of 18.

          Only about one in eight self-harm episodes in teenagers are seen at hospital emergency departments. However, attending hospital for self-harm is one of the strongest risk factors for future suicide.

          In our newly published study, we identified some of the risk factors for self-harm by combining information from hospital assessments with other sources of information, such as school attendance, special educational needs and free school meal status. Bringing sources of information which relate to the same individual together in this way is is called data linkage. It is a powerful tool to maximise the value of public health data.

          Girls are at higher risk

          Self-harm refers to any act of self-injury carried out by a person, regardless of their motivation. This commonly involves self-poisoning with medication or self-wounding by cutting.

          Our findings show that the risk for self-harm was nearly three times higher for boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to those without. ASD was not a significant risk for self-harm in girls, though this may be due to an underdiagnosis of ASD in girls. In general, though, the risk of self-harm was higher in girls (1.5%) than in boys (0.3%), which chimes with what previous research has shown.

          Although evidence suggests that ASD is a risk factor for self-harm in adults, much less research has been conducted on risk among teenagers. The research that does exist has often included small, selective studies, using clinical samples rather than whole population samples.

          By contrast, data linkage allowed us to study a huge amount of information. We assessed data from over 113,000 young people aged 11-17 years from four boroughs in south London, collected between 2009-2013. Our findings of increased risk for self-harm in boys with ASD are therefore important in addressing this research gap.

          We also found that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was a strong predictor of self-harm for both boys and girls. Young people with ADHD were approximately four times more likely to self-harm than those without the condition. Adolescents who had previously attended mental health services for ADHD were at four times the risk of self-harm than those who had not attended services for ADHD. These are important findings due to a gap in evidence: there have been very few UK studies exploring the association between ADHD and self-harm, particularly in girls.

          A teenage boy in a green t-shirt and jeans sits on the ground holding a book over his head.
          Boys on the autism spectrum are at greater risk of self-harming that girls.
          michaeljung | Shutterstock

          Socio-economic risk factors

          We also discovered that young people who spend time away from school, either through exclusion or absence, were at greater risk of self-harm. For those with less than 80 per cent attendance, the risk of hurting themselves was three times greater than those with more than 80 per cent attendance. These findings do not show that school absence causes self-harm. They do, however, suggest that this is an important group of young people at whom to target preventive interventions.

          Previous research examining socio-economic risk factors for self-harm has shown that girls who receive free school meal status are also significantly more likely to engage in self-harm. Similarly, looked-after children have been shown to be at heightened risk.

          Our research also led to some unexpected findings. Having English as a second language seemed to act as a protective factor for self-harm. However, this may be due to adolescents with English as a second language perhaps not presenting to mental health services. Previous research has found language barriers to be an important contributor to disparities in access to services.

          Three teenagers in school uniform walk away from the camera, outside.
          Adverse community experiences with the mental health system mean that not all children at risk of self-harm will be identified.
          Katarzyna Golembowska | Shutterstock

          Additionally, although we found associations between free-school-meal status and self-harm, we did not find a connection between neighbourhood deprivation and self-harm. While this is at odds with previous research, our findings do support recent research showing that some deprived inner-city areas, such as parts of London, have lower rates of self-harm. Factors that might explain this include, on the one hand, community solidarity and what researchers have termed a culture of self-reliance and, on the other hand, a collective sense that being identified as being mentally ill is risky – that mental health services are intrusive and coercive.

          Data linkage allows whole populations to be studied. It is less intrusive than asking people to complete surveys. And it allows research to include people who may not proactively take part in traditional studies. We have also been able to take a lens to the risk factors behind self-harm in young people and identify those groups who may be most vulnerable. These findings are an important step in the development of strategies to prevent self-harm and demonstrate the power of data linkage to tackle public health issues.



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