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        SNP Government accused of failing to rule out 12% rise in water charges

        SNP Government accused of failing to rule out 12% rise in water charges

        SNP and Greens in Edinburgh council coalition talks as historic deal looms

        SNP and Greens in Edinburgh council coalition talks as historic deal looms

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        Blundering Boris Johnson told by Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe how ‘she lived in the shadow of his words’

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        Keir Starmer offers to resign as Labour leader if he is fined over beergate claims

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        SNP MP Anum Qaisar says she was warned which men to avoid in Westminster

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        Scottish Labour opposition to indyref2 not “viable” says country’s top trade unionist

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        Anas Sarwar brands SNP Glasgow council leader ‘a Nicola Sturgeon puppet’ as Labour bids to win back city

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          Sector growth slows as rising inflation weighs on demand

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          Scottish job growth eases to four-month low in April

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          Scottish insolvencies hold steady as compounding crises raise pressure

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          Recovery in Scottish business optimism dampened by rising costs

          Kate Forbes welcomes ‘encouraging’ GDP growth of 0.4%

          Kate Forbes welcomes ‘encouraging’ GDP growth of 0.4%

        • Sports
          Gio van Bronckhorst wants Rangers contract answers as he hits back at ‘end of cycle’ claims

          Gio van Bronckhorst wants Rangers contract answers as he hits back at ‘end of cycle’ claims

          What the Rangers pundits said as heartbroken Ally McCoist confesses his shootout hunch missed the mark

          What the Rangers pundits said as heartbroken Ally McCoist confesses his shootout hunch missed the mark

          Ange Postecoglou wants another Celtic midfielder as he reveals the prophetic logic behind 3 January transfers

          Ange Postecoglou wants another Celtic midfielder as he reveals the prophetic logic behind 3 January transfers

          Mark McGhee readies Dundee for fight to the finish as he insists St Johnstone are ‘feeling the pressure’

          Mark McGhee readies Dundee for fight to the finish as he insists St Johnstone are ‘feeling the pressure’

          Scott Brown announces retirement as Celtic hero reveals his management vision and Ange Postecoglou inspiration

          Scott Brown announces retirement as Celtic hero reveals his management vision and Ange Postecoglou inspiration

          Zander Clark set for Dundee United transfer talks as Tam Courts targets pre-contract deal

          Zander Clark set for Dundee United transfer talks as Tam Courts targets pre-contract deal

          Rangers pundits puzzled by Joe Aribo switch as Fashion Sakala central role queried after late heartache

          Rangers pundits puzzled by Joe Aribo switch as Fashion Sakala central role queried after late heartache

          Lewis Ferguson in brutally honest Aberdeen confession but midfielder delivers blunt verdict on Max Stryjek

          Lewis Ferguson in brutally honest Aberdeen confession but midfielder delivers blunt verdict on Max Stryjek

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          Hearts bounce doesn’t worry Hibs as Ron Gordon issues defiant ‘we’ll be back’ Europa League vow

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          Kyogo ready for Celtic starring role against Rangers as cautious approach is gone now

          Rangers cauldron of noise will make Braga BETTER as Carlos Carvalhal sets out gung ho game plan

          Rangers cauldron of noise will make Braga BETTER as Carlos Carvalhal sets out gung ho game plan

          Ange Postecoglou makes Celtic new contract admission as he vows potential treble is only the start

          Ange Postecoglou makes Celtic new contract admission as he vows potential treble is only the start

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            Apple’s ‘hidden setting’ that instantly improves audio quality on calls and video

            Elon Musk puts Twitter takeover on hold – but insists he’s ‘still committed’ to bid

            Elon Musk puts Twitter takeover on hold – but insists he’s ‘still committed’ to bid

            Facebook to axe a number of location-tracking features from app later this month

            Facebook to axe a number of location-tracking features from app later this month

            Urgent WhatsApp warning as users told to delete scam text immediately

            Urgent WhatsApp warning as users told to delete scam text immediately

            Simple household job could make you up to £600 in a matter of minutes

            Simple household job could make you up to £600 in a matter of minutes

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            ‘Beautiful’ woman who complained of back pain tragically died after being diagnosed with cancer

            ‘Beautiful’ woman who complained of back pain tragically died after being diagnosed with cancer

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            Dementia experts share six ways to reduce risks of condition ‘by a third’

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            Cleaning your ears without cotton buds – the three safest methods

            Devastated family’s tribute to ‘kind’ daughter who tragically died from cancer

            Devastated family’s tribute to ‘kind’ daughter who tragically died from cancer

            Breakthrough cancer study finds big ‘clues’ about how disease is caused

            Breakthrough cancer study finds big ‘clues’ about how disease is caused

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            N-Dubz Glasgow 2022 times and dates for pre-sale and general tickets

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            Vets in warning over ‘toxic’ rapeseed plants which can cause skin burns in dogs

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            Many primary heads ‘would have preferred to delay Wales’ new curriculum’

            Many primary heads ‘would have preferred to delay Wales’ new curriculum’

            Panic attacks, anxiety and attendance levels at an all time low – a teacher describes the mood as teens prepare to take the first summer exams for three years

            Panic attacks, anxiety and attendance levels at an all time low – a teacher describes the mood as teens prepare to take the first summer exams for three years

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          the root problem is not smugglers but global inequality

          February 4, 2022
          in World
          Reading Time:7min read
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          Migration has always been a regular feature of human existence, but these days it is more visible – and politicised – than ever. A 2016 survey found the vast majority of people (80%) would welcome refugees, in agreement with the 1951 UN refugee convention that those fleeing wars or at serious risk of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality or political opinion have the right to cross borders and seek asylum.

          However, there is much less consensus about those fleeing poverty to seek a better future. We are all familiar with the negative narratives about so-called “economic migrants”, “coming to steal our jobs”, “scrounge off the state”, “overburden the system”, or “undermine our culture and values”.

          Even those who oppose such misplaced stereotypes may still be uncomfortable with easing border and visa restrictions because of economic concerns. Migrants who attempt to reach other countries by “illegal” means are also often branded “irresponsible” for embarking on dangerous journeys with vulnerable children.

          Hunting the Essex Lorry Killers, a recent BBC documentary, looked at the 2019 case of 39 Vietnamese migrants who were found dead in the back of a refrigerated lorry trailer in Essex. The documentary repeated the popular notion often promoted by politicians that smuggling gangs are responsible for these tragic deaths. And certainly, migration brokers can make a lot of money by supplying illicit transport services in this highly problematic market.

          But in another documentary interviewing the families of those victims back in Vietnam, one bereaved father gave a very different perspective. He stated that the reason his son was dead was “because of the currency difference. He went there just for that difference.”

          In other words, while smugglers do contribute to undocumented migration, the root cause is actually global inequality. This inequality is reproduced and perpetuated by many multinational companies within a wider economic system that serves to directly benefit the most wealthy and, indirectly, industrialised countries, at the expense of others.

          Limited options

          As part of my ongoing research, I have interviewed many undocumented Vietnamese migrants who come to the UK to find work and send money back home. Most of them are from rural provinces that have been “left behind” by the rapid development of Vietnam’s major metropolitan hubs.

          A common option in Vietnam involves moving to a big city or industrial zone, to work very long, exhausting shifts at a mega-factory assembling electronics for a salary of around £7-£10 per day. This is relatively well paid compared to the average salary for unskilled workers in Vietnam, which is around £110 a month.

          But without a decent education or the right personal connections, it’s impossible to move up the social ladder. Interviewees described this situation as a “dead-end” with no hope for a better future for their children in Vietnam.

          A report from 2017 found workers at a Samsung factory in Vietnam reported extreme fatigue, fainting, dizziness and even miscarriages due to poor working conditions. Samsung has denied these claims, stating that it “takes great care to provide a workplace environment that assures the highest standards of health, safety and welfare”. Following these allegations and an internal audit, Samsung also adopted a “corrective action plan”.

          The bigger picture

          Meanwhile, Samsung has made huge profits in Vietnam. This happens all across the world: multinational corporations take advantage of cheap labour in poorer countries through global supply chains. A 2011 study of an iPhone factory in China, for example, found that Apple only paid 1.8% of the finished product value to the factory workers, while the company reaped an enormous 58.5% in profits.

          In response to separate allegations raised about working conditions in iPhone factories, Apple said: “We care about every worker in our worldwide supply chain … [and] insist that our suppliers treat workers with dignity and respect.”

          Distribution of value for iPhone.

          Distribution of value for iPhone, 2010.
          Kenneth L. Kraemer, Greg Linden, Jason Dedrick

          Since the late 1970s, the richest 1% have increased their share of global wealth from 23% to a staggering 43% – with the wealthiest four people in the world worth more than the entire country of Vietnam. Multinational corporations represent a continuation of historical exploitation and wealth flow from developing countries to Europe under colonialism, which funded the west’s dramatic rise to prosperity in the first place.

          In an unequal world, it makes sense for those in poorer countries with limited options to follow the money to a more developed country, find a low-skilled job, work hard and then send some money back home. This may lead Vietnamese migrants to Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Germany – or all the way to the UK. Such movement, however, is often forbidden, forcing people to risk potentially deadly border crossings under the radar.

          Economic migration as justice?

          In our interviews, Vietnamese migrants told me they can earn up to 10 times more by working in a UK nail shop than they could hope to earn back in Vietnam. So it’s not surprising that people would want to try their luck abroad.

          Women sit at a nail salon.
          Vietnamese nail salons have grown rapidly in recent years.
          BearFotos/Shutterstock

          In fact, considering the mass exploitation of Vietnamese labour by foreign corporations (which has exacerbated global inequality), it could be argued that economic migration is a matter of justice and that it’s only fair and reasonable that migrants should seek a portion of the extracted labour value that should have stayed in Vietnam.

          So if we really want to reduce migration, we must treat it as an inevitable by-product of inequality and address the root causes – instead of simply blaming smugglers or washing our hands of the migrants’ plight.



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